Strategy

Defying the Decline: 3 Top Defensive ETF Strategies

Here are three defensive BMO ETF strategies to help insulate portfolios from potential volatility ahead.

Apr. 9, 2025

North American markets have experienced substantial pressure amid ongoing tariff policy shifts. The S&P 500 and TSX indices have seen pronounced declines, led by large cap Technology stocks, while the Canadian dollar (CAD) has weakened against the U.S. currency (USD).

Market participants are reacting to the Trump administration’s economic agenda built in part around the relocation of businesses to the U.S., via tariff policies on trading partner countries. As part of this agenda, the administration appears willing to accept the risk of recession and higher inflation, and it is uncertain at what point U.S. market weakness may alter this view. 

Here are three defensive BMO ETF strategies to help insulate portfolios from potential volatility ahead:

1. BMO Low Volatility ETFs

BMO Low Volatility ETFs has acted as a steady port of call amid recent storms of uncertainty by losing less on the market’s downswings while participating in the upswings. Low volatility stocks’ stable cash flows provided a hedge against market uncertainties, while their relative valuations remain attractive. As the market rotates toward more defensive positions, low volatility strategies are well-positioned, giving investors the confidence to stay the course during turbulent periods and remain invested over the long term.

Year to Date Positioning & Performance

BMO Low Volatility Canadian Equity ETF – (Ticker: ZLB)

An overweight in communication services added value, underweighting high beta sectors such as Financials and Information Technology and no weight in the Energy sectors contributed to performance.1

BMO Low Volatility Canadian Equity ETF – (Ticker: ZLB)

ETF Name

Year-to-Date

1-Year

3-Year

5-Year

10-Year

Since Inception Volatility

BMO Low Volatility
Canadian Equity ETF

5.69%

17.23%

8.77%

14.63%

9.03%

9.52%

S&P/TSX Composite TR

1.51%

15.81%

7.77%

16.76%

8.54%

11.83%

Source: Morningstar, April 1, 2025. Inception date for ZLB = October 212011

BMO Low Volatility US Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLU)

  • Underweight in the riskier Information Technology and Consumer Discretionary sectors, as well as our overweight in stable sectors such as Utilities, Consumer Staples, and Health Care, added value.1
BMO Low Volatility US Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLU)

ETF Name

Year-to-Date

1-Year

3-Year

5-Year

10-Year

Since Inception Volatility

BMO Low Volatility US
Equity ETF (CAD)

8.39%

20.99%

10.80%

13.47%

10.75%

10.81%

S&P 500 TR CAD

-4.20%

15.13%

14.34%

18.86%

13.95%

12.05%

Source: Morningstar, April 1, 2025. Inception date for ZLU = March 192013


2. BMO Long Short ETFs

The BMO long-short strategies seek to provide lower volatility and equity-like returns over a complete market cycle. Since launch, the monthly volatility of BMO Long Short Canadian Equity (Ticker: ZLSC’) and BMO Long Short US Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLSU’) have been 6% and 6.8%, respectively, much lower than the volatility of the broad benchmarks of 11.2% and 9.2%.1

The ETF maintains exposure to higher-quality stocks while short-selling lower-quality stocks that are expected to underperform. The shorts hedge market risk and add a source of returns. The portfolios sector and single stock exposures are tightly risk-controlled. 

Year to Date Positioning and Performance

BMO Long Short Canadian Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLSC)

ZLSC benefitted from stock selection in Materials and long gold positions in Agnico Eagle Mines, Lundin Gold, and Alamos Gold. And shorting among companies which could not control costs or efficiently manage production, e.g. in Eldorado Gold.1

BMO Long Short Canadian Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLSC)

ETF Name

Year-to-Date

1-Year

Since Inception

BMO Long Short Canadian Equity ETF

-0.25%

13.51%

16.78%

S&P/TSX Composite TR

1.51%

15.81%

7.77%

50% TSX %50 T-Bills

1.35%

13.93%

7.90%

Source: Morningstar, April 1, 2025. Inception date for ZLSC = September 272023.

BMO Long Short US Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLSU)

  • ZLSU added value due to stock selection in Healthcare, being long Gilead long and short United Health. In Industrials, long General Electric, long Uber and in Consumer Discretionary, not owning Tesla. Partially offset by Information Technology (Broadcom long, Intel short).1
BMO Long Short US Equity ETF (Ticker: ZLSU)

ETF Name

Year-to-Date

1-Year

Since Inception

BMO Long Short US Equity ETF

0.11%

20.04%

25.15%

BMO S&P 500 ETF (CAD)

-4.23%

14.68%

17.17%

Source: Morningstar, April 1, 2025. Inception date for ZLSU = September 272023.


3. BMO Buffer ETFs

For risk averse investors seeking to hedge some potential downside risk and maintain their equity exposure, BMO’s Buffer ETF series provides a cushion against the first -15% (before fees, expenses and taxes) decrease in the S&P 500 Hedged to CAD. Provided investors hold over a period of approximately one year, starting from the first business day of the stated outcome period. There is room to participate in potential upside up to cap (before fees, expenses and taxes). So, if the S&P 500 Hedged to CAD is down -15%, it is only after a breach of the buffer that any loss would be incurred. 

Given the recent market selloff, all 4 buffer ETFs are now in the protection zone”, and at the same time the upside cap has increased. As of the close of April 2, the maximum upside participation for BMO US Equity Buffer Hedged to CAD ETF – January (Ticker ZJAN”) is now at 9.26%, which means when including dividends, the total potential upside will be above 10%. Similarly for BMO US Equity Buffer Hedged to CAD ETF - April (Ticker: ZAPR), investors collect dividends on top of the 7.10% cap increasing the potential total return to above 8%.

For investors looking to invest into equities in a defensive manner, this can be a good entry point as the upside caps have increased and the strategy is in its protection zone.

Buffer ETFs: Downside Protection

Buffer ETFs: Downside Protection
Source: Bloomberg, April 22025.

1 Morningstar, as of April 12025.

Performance (%)

YTD

1-Month

3-Month

6-Month

1-Year

3-Year

5-Year

10-Year

Since Inception

ZLB

5.59

1.14

5.69

3.80

17.23

8.77

14.63

9.03

12.12

ZLU

8.39

0.99

8.39

9.24

20.99

10.80

13.47

10.75

14.24

ZLSC

-0.25

-0.30

-0.25

4.52

13.51

-

-

-

26.36

ZLSU

0.11

-4.58

0.11

10.37

20.04

-

-

-

25.18

ZJAN

-1.14

-1.97

-1.14

0.52

5.30

-

-

-

6.65

ZAPR

-1.51

5.88

-1.51

0.13

5.88

6.81

Bloomberg, as of March 31, 2025. Inception date for ZLB = October 21, 2011, ZLU = March 19, 2013, ZLSC, ZLSU = September 27, 2023, ZJAN = January 24, 2024, ZAPR = March 262024

Disclaimers

Advisor Use Only.

Commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with investments in exchange traded funds. Please read the ETF Facts or simplified prospectus of the BMO ETFs before investing. The indicated rates of return are the historical annual compounded total returns including changes in unit value and reinvestment of all dividends or distributions and do not take into account sales, redemption, distribution or optional charges or income taxes payable by any unitholder that would have reduced returns. Exchange traded funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. 

For a summary of the risks of an investment in the BMO ETFs, please see the specific risks set out in the BMO ETF’s prospectus. BMO ETFs trade like stocks, fluctuate in market value and may trade at a discount to their net asset value, which may increase the risk of loss. Distributions are not guaranteed and are subject to change and/​or elimination. 

BMO ETFs are managed by BMO Asset Management Inc., which is an investment fund manager and a portfolio manager, and a separate legal entity from Bank of Montreal.

The communication is for information purposes. The information contained herein is not, and should not be construed as, investment, tax or legal advice to any party. Particular investments and/​or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to the individual’s investment objectives and professional advice should be obtained with respect to any circumstance.

The viewpoints expressed by the Portfolio Manager represents their assessment of the markets at the time of publication. Those views are subject to change without notice at any time. The information provided herein does not constitute a solicitation of an offer to buy, or an offer to sell securities nor should the information be relied upon as investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. This communication is intended for informational purposes only.

An investor that purchases Units of a Structured Outcome ETF other than at starting NAV on the first day of a Target Outcome Period and/​or sells Units of a Structured Outcome ETF prior to the end of a Target Outcome Period may experience results that are very different from the target outcomes sought by the Structured Outcome ETF for that Target Outcome Period. Both the cap and, where applicable, the buffer are fixed levels that are calculated in relation to the market price of the applicable Reference ETF and a Structured Outcome ETF’s NAV (as Structured herein) at the start of each Target Outcome Period. As the market price of the applicable Reference ETF and the Structured Outcome ETF’s NAV will change over the Target Outcome Period, an investor acquiring Units of a Structured Outcome ETF after the start of a Target Outcome Period will likely have a different return potential than an investor who purchased Units of a Structured Outcome ETF at the start of the Target Outcome Period. This is because while the cap and, as applicable, the buffer for the Target Outcome Period are fixed levels that remain constant throughout the Target Outcome Period, an investor purchasing Units of a Structured Outcome ETF at market value during the Target Outcome Period likely purchase Units of a Structured Outcome ETF at a market price that is different from the Structured Outcome ETF’s NAV at the start of the Target Outcome Period (i.e., the NAV that the cap and, as applicable, the buffer reference). In addition, the market price of the applicable Reference ETF is likely to be different from the price of that Reference ETF at the start of the Target Outcome Period. To achieve the intended target outcomes sought by a Structured Outcome ETF for a Target Outcome Period, an investor must hold Units of the Structured Outcome ETF for that entire Target Outcome Period. 

All investments involve risk. The value of an ETF can go down as well as up and you could lose money. The risk of an ETF is rated based on the volatility of the ETF’s returns using the standardized risk classification methodology mandated by the Canadian Securities Administrators. Historical volatility doesn’t tell you how volatile an ETF will be in the future. An ETF with a risk rating of low” can still lose money. For more information about the risk rating and specific risks that can affect an ETF’s returns, see the BMO ETFs’ simplified prospectus. 

Distribution yields are calculated by using the most recent regular distribution, or expected distribution, (which may be based on income, dividends, return of capital, and option premiums, as applicable) and excluding additional year end distributions, and special reinvested distributions annualized for frequency, divided by current net asset value (NAV). The yield calculation does not include reinvested distributions.

Distributions are not guaranteed, may fluctuate and are subject to change and/​or elimination. Distribution rates may change without notice (up or down) depending on market conditions and NAV fluctuations. 

The payment of distributions should not be confused with the BMO ETF’s performance, rate of return or yield. If distributions paid by a BMO ETF are greater than the performance of the investment fund, your original investment will shrink. Distributions paid as a result of capital gains realized by a BMO ETF, and income and dividends earned by a BMO ETF, are taxable in your hands in the year they are paid. 

Your adjusted cost base will be reduced by the amount of any returns of capital. If your adjusted cost base goes below zero, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the amount below zero. 

Cash distributions, if any, on units of a BMO ETF (other than accumulating units or units subject to a distribution reinvestment plan) are expected to be paid primarily out of dividends or distributions, and other income or gains, received by the BMO ETF less the expenses of the BMO ETF, but may also consist of non-taxable amounts including returns of capital, which may be paid in the manager’s sole discretion. To the extent that the expenses of a BMO ETF exceed the income generated by such BMO ETF in any given month, quarter, or year, as the case may be, it is not expected that a monthly, quarterly, or annual distribution will be paid. Distributions, if any, in respect of the accumulating units of BMO Short Corporate Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Federal Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Provincial Bond Index ETF, BMO Ultra Short-Term Bond ETF and BMO Ultra Short-Term US Bond ETF will be automatically reinvested in additional accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF. Following each distribution, the number of accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be immediately consolidated so that the number of outstanding accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be the same as the number of outstanding accumulating units before the distribution. Non-resident unitholders may have the number of securities reduced due to withholding tax. Certain BMO ETFs have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, which provides that a unitholder may elect to automatically reinvest all cash distributions paid on units held by that unitholder in additional units of the applicable BMO ETF in accordance with the terms of the distribution reinvestment plan. For further information, see the distribution policy in the BMO ETFs’ simplified prospectus.

BMO Global Asset Management is a brand name under which BMO Asset Management Inc. and BMO Investments Inc. operate.

BMO (M-bar roundel symbol)” is a registered trademark of Bank of Montreal, used under licence.