Fall 2025

Currency control: How BMO GAM enables capabilities in hedged, unhedged and USD-denominated exposures

A review of volatility ranges between the Canadian dollar and other major currencies shows that currency-related considerations should not be ignored, reflecting both risk control and opportunity.

Sep. 17, 2025

Canadian investors navigate the world with a limited currency. Though the Canadian dollar (CAD) may be regarded as relatively stable compared to most currencies, we should look at how CAD fares in comparison to the U.S. dollar (USD), Sterling (GBP), Euro (EUR) and Yen (JPY) to moderate the way we invest internationally.

It is a given that investors express home country bias, regardless of where they live. Although it is natural to invest heavily domestically because most future expenditures will be made in the domestic currency where people live, there is a strong investment thesis for all investors, regardless of domicile, to diversify internationally, gaining access to companies, sectors and currencies to strengthen portfolio construction and manage risk. As part of these considerations, perspective should be used when discussing objectives.

The considerations for compounding long-term total returns are different than those for managing income, and currency returns should not be ignored. They are unpredictable and reflect both opportunity and risk at different times.

Download the full report and listing of all BMO hedged, USD-unit ETFs, and CDRs

Please contact your BMO institutional sales partner for additional market insights.

Disclaimers

For Advisor and institutional use.

This article is for information purposes only. The information contained herein is not, and should not be construed as investment, tax or legal advice to any party. Particular investments and/​or trading strategies should be evaluated relative to the individual’s investment objectives and professional advice should be obtained with respect to any circumstance. 

The viewpoints expressed by the author represent their assessment of the markets at the time of publication. Those views are subject to change without notice at any time. The information provided herein does not constitute a solicitation of an offer to buy, or an offer to sell securities nor should the information be relied upon as investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. This communication is intended for informational purposes only. 

Any statement that necessarily depends on future events may be a forward-looking statement. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Although such statements are based on assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, there can be no assurance that actual results will not differ materially from expectations. Investors are cautioned not to rely unduly on any forward-looking statements. In connection with any forward-looking statements, investors should carefully consider the areas of risk described in the most recent prospectus. 

Commissions, management fees and expenses all may be associated with investments in exchange-traded funds. Please read the ETF Facts or prospectus of the BMO ETFs before investing. The indicated rates of return are the historical annual compounded total returns including changes in unit value and reinvestment of all dividends or distributions and do not take into account sales, redemption, distribution or optional charges or income taxes payable by any unitholder that would have reduced returns. Exchange-traded funds are not guaranteed, their values change frequently and past performance may not be repeated. 

Distribution yields are calculated by using the most recent regular distribution, or expected distribution, (which may be based on income, dividends, return of capital, and option premiums, as applicable) and excluding additional year end distributions, and special reinvested distributions annualized for frequency, divided by current net asset value (NAV). The yield calculation does not include reinvested distributions. 

Distributions are not guaranteed, may fluctuate and are subject to change and/​or elimination. Distribution rates may change without notice (up or down) depending on market conditions and NAV fluctuations. 

The payment of distributions should not be confused with the BMO ETF’s performance, rate of return or yield. If distributions paid by a BMO ETF are greater than the performance of the investment fund, your original investment will shrink. Distributions paid as a result of capital gains realized by a BMO ETF, and income and dividends earned by a BMO ETF, are taxable in your hands in the year they are paid. 

Your adjusted cost base will be reduced by the amount of any returns of capital. If your adjusted cost base goes below zero, you will have to pay capital gains tax on the amount below zero. 

Cash distributions, if any, on units of a BMO ETF (other than accumulating units or units subject to a distribution reinvestment plan) are expected to be paid primarily out of dividends or distributions, and other income or gains, received by the BMO ETF less the expenses of the BMO ETF, but may also consist of non-taxable amounts including returns of capital, which may be paid in the manager’s sole discretion. To the extent that the expenses of a BMO ETF exceed the income generated by such BMO ETF in any given month, quarter, or year, as the case may be, it is not expected that a monthly, quarterly, or annual distribution will be paid. Distributions, if any, in respect of the accumulating units of BMO Short Corporate Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Federal Bond Index ETF, BMO Short Provincial Bond Index ETF, BMO Ultra Short-Term Bond ETF and BMO Ultra Short-Term US Bond ETF will be automatically reinvested in additional accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF. Following each distribution, the number of accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be immediately consolidated so that the number of outstanding accumulating units of the applicable BMO ETF will be the same as the number of outstanding accumulating units before the distribution. Non-resident unitholders may have the number of securities reduced due to withholding tax. Certain BMO ETFs have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, which provides that a unitholder may elect to automatically reinvest all cash distributions paid on units held by that unitholder in additional units of the applicable BMO ETF in accordance with the terms of the distribution reinvestment plan. For further information, see the distribution policy in the BMO ETFs’ prospectus.

An investment in Canadian depositary receipts (“CDRs”) issued by Bank of Montreal (“BMO”) may not be suitable for all investors. Important information about these investments is contained in the short form base shelf prospectus and prospectus supplement for each series of CDRs (together, the Prospectus”). Purchasers are directed to www.sedarplus.ca or to bmogam.com to obtain copies of the Prospectus and related disclosure before purchasing CDRs. 

Each series of CDRs relates to a single class of equity securities (the Underlying Shares”) of an issuer incorporated outside of Canada (the Underlying Issuer”). For each series of CDRs, the Prospectus will provide additional information regarding such series, including information regarding the Underlying Issuer and Underlying Shares for such series. Neither BMO and its affiliates nor any other person involved in the distribution of CDRs accepts any responsibility for any disclosure provided by any Underlying Issuer (including Information contained herein or in the Prospectus that has been extracted from any Underlying Issuer’s publicly disseminated disclosure). Each series of CDRs is only offered to investors in Canada in accordance with applicable laws and regulatory requirements.

For a summary of the risks of an investment in the BMO ETFs, please see the specific risks set out in the BMO ETF’s prospectus. BMO ETFs trade like stocks, fluctuate in market value and may trade at a discount to their net asset value, which may increase the risk of loss. Distributions are not guaranteed and are subject to change and/​or elimination. 

BMO ETFs are managed and administered by BMO Asset Management Inc., an investment fund manager and a portfolio manager, and a separate legal entity from Bank of Montreal.

BMO Global Asset Management is a brand name under which BMO Asset Management Inc. and BMO Investments Inc. operate. 

BMO (M-bar roundel symbol)” is a registered trademark of Bank of Montreal, used under licence.